{"id":350,"date":"2022-04-20T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ambientes.ambientebrasil.com.br\/agua\/recursos_hidricos\/hidreletricas_no_brasil.html"},"modified":"2022-04-20T00:34:54","modified_gmt":"2022-04-20T03:34:54","slug":"hidreletricas_no_brasil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/agua\/recursos_hidricos\/hidreletricas_no_brasil.html","title":{"rendered":"Hidrel\u00e9tricas no Brasil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A energia el\u00e9trica atende a cerca de 92% dos domic\u00edlios no pa\u00eds. As hidrel\u00e9tricas no Brasil correspondem a mais de 65% da energia el\u00e9trica produzida no pa\u00eds. A instala\u00e7\u00e3o de barragens para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de usinas iniciou-se no Brasil a partir do final do s\u00e9culo XIX, mas foi ap\u00f3s a Segunda Grande Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) que a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de hidrel\u00e9tricas passou a ser relevante na matriz energ\u00e9tica brasileira.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"Estilo3\">O Brasil apresenta o terceiro maior potencial hidr\u00e1ulico do mundo, atr\u00e1s apenas de R\u00fassia e China, importando parte da energia hidrel\u00e9trica que consome no pa\u00eds. Isso porque, a maior hidrel\u00e9trica das Am\u00e9ricas e segunda maior do mundo, a Usina de Itaipu, n\u00e3o \u00e9 totalmente brasileira. Por se encontrar na divisa do pa\u00eds com o Paraguai, 50% da produ\u00e7\u00e3o da usina pertence ao pa\u00eds vizinho que, na incapacidade de consumir esse montante, vende o excedente para os brasileiros. Al\u00e9m do mais, o Brasil tamb\u00e9m compra energia produzida pelas hidrel\u00e9tricas argentinas de Garabi e Yacerit\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-qual-a-composicao-da-matriz-eletrica-do-brasil\">Qual a composi\u00e7\u00e3o da matriz el\u00e9trica do Brasil?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A matriz energ\u00e9tica do Brasil, de acordo com os dados de 2020 da Empresa de Pesquisa Energ\u00e9tica \u00e9 formada por:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Fonte hidr\u00e1ulica (65,2%);<\/li><li>G\u00e1s natural (10,5%);<\/li><li>Biomassa (8,2%);<\/li><li>Solar e e\u00f3lica (6,9%);<\/li><li>Carv\u00e3o (4,1%) e;<\/li><li>Nuclear (2,6%).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As fontes de energia podem ser renov\u00e1veis, no qual s\u00e3o obtidas pela \u00e1gua, vento e sol, e as fontes n\u00e3o renov\u00e1veis, que possuem recursos finitos como petr\u00f3leo, carv\u00e3o mineral e g\u00e1s natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-o-que-e-e-qual-a-importancia-da-rede-hidrometeorologica-nacional\">O que \u00e9 e qual a import\u00e2ncia da rede hidrometeorol\u00f3gica nacional?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A Rede Hidrometeorol\u00f3gica Nacional, base para toda a gest\u00e3o de recursos h\u00eddricos no Brasil, \u00e9 composta hoje por 5.138 esta\u00e7\u00f5es, das quais 2.234 pluviom\u00e9tricas, 1.874 fluviom\u00e9tricas e 1.030 de outros tipos, como sedimentom\u00e9tricas, telem\u00e9tricas, de qualidade das \u00e1guas, evaporim\u00e9tricas e climatol\u00f3gicas (refer\u00eancia de dados da Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Energia El\u00e9trica &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/noticias.ambientebrasil.com.br\/buscas?q=ANEEL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ANEEL<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-principais-hidreletricas-no-brasil\">Principais hidrel\u00e9tricas no Brasil<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>O Pa\u00eds est\u00e1 entre os que possuem a maior estrutura de recursos naturais para gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia do mundo, o que influencia diretamente na composi\u00e7\u00e3o da matriz energ\u00e9tica brasileira. A seguir est\u00e3o listadas as principais hidrel\u00e9tricas no Brasil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) <span>Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica de Itaipu<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><strong><\/strong>Estado:&nbsp;<strong>Paran\u00e1<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>Paran\u00e1<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>14.000 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1715.jpg\" alt=\"Exemplo de hidrel\u00e9trica no Brasil.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>2) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica de Belo Monte<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><strong><\/strong>Estado:&nbsp;<strong>Par\u00e1<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>Xing\u00fa<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>11.233 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1716.jpg\" alt=\"Exemplo de hidrel\u00e9trica no Brasil.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>3) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica S\u00e3o Lu\u00edz do Tapaj\u00f3s<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\">Estado:\u00a0<strong>Par\u00e1<\/strong>\u00a0| Rio:\u00a0<strong>Tapaj\u00f3s<\/strong>\u00a0| Capacidade:\u00a0<strong>8.381 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1717.jpg\" alt=\"Usina S\u00e3o Luiz do Tapaj\u00f3s.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>4) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica de Tucuru\u00ed<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><strong><\/strong>Estado:&nbsp;<strong>Par\u00e1<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>Tocantins<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>8.370 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1718.jpg\" alt=\"Exemplo de hidrel\u00e9trica no Brasil.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>5) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica de Santo Ant\u00f4nio<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><strong><\/strong>Estado:&nbsp;<strong>Rond\u00f4nia<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>Madeira<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>3.300 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1719.jpg\" alt=\"Exemplo de hidrel\u00e9trica no Brasil.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>6) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica de Ilha Solteira<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><strong><\/strong>Estado:&nbsp;<strong>S\u00e3o Paulo<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>Paran\u00e1<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>3.444 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1720.jpg\" alt=\"Usina de Ilha Solteira\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-usina-hidreletrica-de-jirau\">7) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica de Jirau<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><strong><\/strong>Estado:&nbsp;<strong>Rond\u00f4nia<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>Madeira<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>3.300 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1721.jpg\" alt=\"Exemplo de hidrel\u00e9trica no Brasil.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>8) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica de Xing\u00f3<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraph\"><strong><\/strong>Estados:&nbsp;<strong>Alagoas e Sergipe<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>S\u00e3o Francisco<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>3.162 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1722.jpg\" alt=\"Exemplo de hidrel\u00e9trica no Brasil.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>9) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica de Paulo Afonso IV<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><strong><\/strong>Estado:&nbsp;<strong>Bahia<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>S\u00e3o Francisco<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>2.462 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1723.jpg\" alt=\"Exemplo de hidrel\u00e9trica no Brasil.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span>10) Usina Hidrel\u00e9trica Jatob\u00e1<\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><strong><\/strong>Estado:&nbsp;<strong>Par\u00e1<\/strong>&nbsp;| Rio:&nbsp;<strong>Tapaj\u00f3s<\/strong>&nbsp;| Capacidade:&nbsp;<strong>2.338 MW<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"midia\/imagens\/1724.jpg\" alt=\"Usina Jatob\u00e1.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Outras hidrel\u00e9tricas do Brasil:<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Usina<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Localiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>&nbsp;Capacidade (MW)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Regi\u00e3o Norte<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Balbina<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Uatum\u00e3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">250<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Regi\u00e3o Nordeste<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Sobradinho<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ambientes.ambientebrasil.com.br\/agua\/bacias_hidrograficas\/a_bacia_do_rio_sao_francisco.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rio S\u00e3o Francisco<\/a><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.050<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Moxot\u00f3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio S\u00e3o Francisco<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">439,2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Itaparica<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio S\u00e3o Francisco<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.500<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Regi\u00e3o Sudeste<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">S\u00e3o Sim\u00e3o<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Parana\u00edba<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.715<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Nova Ponte<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Araguari<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">510<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00c1gua Vermelha<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Grande<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.380<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tr\u00eas Irm\u00e3os<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Tiet\u00ea<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">808<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Emborca\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Parana\u00edba<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.192<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Porto Primavera<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Paran\u00e1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.854<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Jaguara<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Grande<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">425,6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tr\u00eas Marias<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio S\u00e3o Francisco<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">387,6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Regi\u00e3o Sul<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Foz do Areia<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Igua\u00e7u<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.511<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Capivara<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Paranapanema<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">640<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Parigot de Souza<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Capivari<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">246,96<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ita\u00faba<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Jacu\u00ed<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">625<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Salto Os\u00f3rio<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Igua\u00e7u<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.050<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Regi\u00e3o Centro-Oeste<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Itumbiara<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Paranaoba<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2.080<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Jupi\u00e1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Paran\u00e1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.411,2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Cana Brava<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Tocantins<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">450<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">S\u00e3o Sim\u00e3o<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Parana\u00edba<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1710<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Foz do Rio Claro<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Rio Parana\u00edba<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">68,4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-onde-se-localiza-a-maior-usina-hidreletrica-do-brasil\">Onde se localiza a maior usina hidrel\u00e9trica do Brasil?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A maior usina hidrel\u00e9trica \u00e9 a de Itaipu, localizada em Foz do Igua\u00e7u, no Paran\u00e1, que faz divisa entre o Brasil e o Paraguai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A segunda maior usina hidrel\u00e9trica \u00e9 a de Belo Monte e em terceiro lugar est\u00e1 a usina hidrel\u00e9trica S\u00e3o Luiz do Tapaj\u00f3s, ambas localizadas no Par\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vantagens-da-geracao-de-energia-por-hidreletricas\">Vantagens da gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia por hidrel\u00e9tricas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>O Brasil possui grande capacidade de recursos naturais para a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia por meio de fonte h\u00eddrica, auxiliando na composi\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica do pa\u00eds. Esta forma de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia possui as seguintes vantagens:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Utiliza a \u00e1gua para gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, sendo uma fonte limpa e renov\u00e1vel;<\/li><li>Fonte mais barata para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de energia;<\/li><li>Emiss\u00f5es indiretas baixas;<\/li><li>A produ\u00e7\u00e3o de energia pode ser adaptada \u00e0 demanda;<\/li><li>Rios secund\u00e1rios de menor porte podem ser excelentes oportunidades para usinas hidrel\u00e9tricas mais compactadas e otimizadas, conhecidas como Pequenas Centrais Hidrel\u00e9tricas (PCH) e as Centrais Geradoras Hidrel\u00e9tricas (CGH).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ressalta-se tamb\u00e9m a import\u00e2ncia do processo de licenciamento ambiental, provendo uma an\u00e1lise integrada da regi\u00e3o de influ\u00eancia do empreendimento e potencializando as vantagens da gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia por fonte h\u00eddrica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Maria Beatriz Ayello Leite<br>Reda\u00e7\u00e3o Ambientebrasil<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Caracter\u00edsticas, localiza\u00e7\u00e3o e capacidade das principais hidrel\u00e9tricas do Brasil, que contribuem na composi\u00e7\u00e3o da matriz energ\u00e9tica do pa\u00eds. <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/localhost\/agua\/recursos_hidricos\/hidreletricas_no_brasil.html\" title=\"Hidrel\u00e9tricas no Brasil\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1392],"tags":[363,1013,1375,1377],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=350"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5996,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350\/revisions\/5996"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}